The other set lays out how all actors should conduct themselves in the midst of fighting, or jus in bello. The laws of war fall into two basic types: one set governs whether it is legal for a state to go to war against another, or jus ad bellum. A man with a shirt marked “war crimes prosecutor” with police officers near a residential tower hit by a Russian missile in the Serhiivka village of the Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi district, Ukraine, July 1, 2022. It’s worth taking a moment to sort out the differences between the basic categories of crimes, to better understand what’s happening in Ukraine, and to contemplate what these crimes may mean for the future of world peace. The types of crimes are numerous and somewhat confusing. Indeed, as the war has ground on, we have heard a lot about Russia committing crimes of aggression and crimes against humanity, possibly even genocide. These add to a growing list of atrocities discovered in towns like Bucha and Irpin. In recent weeks, Ukraine’s swift counteroffensive has led to the discovery of yet more heinous acts committed by Russian forces against Ukrainian military personnel and civilians.
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